Septic Systems
A septic system isn’t just a tank in the ground—it’s a designed wastewater treatment system that depends on soil, water, and careful installation to work safely for many years.
Most common types of septic systems:
Conventional (Gravity) Septic System
Most common type
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Septic tank + drain (leach) field
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Wastewater flows by gravity into soil
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Relies on good, well-draining soil
Aerobic Treatment Unit (ATU)
Actively treats wastewater with oxygen:
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Produces higher-quality treated effluent
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Often followed by spray or drip dispersal
Drip Distribution System
Slow, controlled wastewater release:
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Tubing disperses effluent shallow in soil
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Maximizes soil treatment
Best for: Irregular terrain or shallow soils
Requires: Filtration, pumps, and careful maintenance
Site Evaluation and Soil Testing
Before a system is approved:
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Soil analysis evaluates how well the ground absorbs water
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Water table and bedrock depth are assessed
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Lot size, slopes, and setbacks are reviewed
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Environmental and health risks are considered
This determines what type of septic system is allowed on the site.
Permits and Approvals
Before installation:
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Septic permits are issued by the health department or local authority
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Designs are reviewed for compliance
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Installation and inspection schedules are approved
Work cannot legally proceed without these approvals.
Excavation
The ground is opened to place system components:
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Excavation for the septic tank
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Preparation of the drain field area
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Care is taken to avoid soil compaction in treatment zones
Proper excavation is critical for system performance.
Inspection and Testing
Before the system is covered:
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Inspectors verify correct placement and installation
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Tanks and connections are checked
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Compliance with the approved plan is confirmed
Nothing proceeds without passing inspection.
Final Approval and Use
After completion:
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Final approval is issued
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The system is ready to be connected to the building
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Homeowners receive guidance on proper use and maintenance
System Design
Based on the site conditions:
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Engineers or licensed designers select an appropriate system type
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Tank size and treatment method are determined
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The drain (leach) field layout is planned
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Locations are set to protect wells, buildings, and waterways
Every design must meet local health and environmental codes.
Site Preparation
The installation area is prepared:
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The system layout is staked and marked
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Access routes for equipment are established
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Protected areas are identified to prevent damage
Installation of System Components
Licensed professionals install:
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Septic tank: Separates solids from wastewater
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Distribution components: Direct treated water evenly
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Drain field or treatment area: Allows wastewater to filter into the soil
All components must be aligned exactly with the approved design.
Backfilling and Site Restoration
Once approved:
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Excavated areas are carefully backfilled
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Soil is graded to direct water away from the system
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The surface is stabilized (often with grass or cover)